Protective effects of a comprehensive topical antioxidant against ozone‑induced damage in a reconstructed human skin model

Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a source of oxidative stress. This study examined the ability of a topical antioxidant (WEL-DS) to inhibit O3-mediated damage in a human epidermal skin model. Four groups of tissues (N = 24) were compared: Group 1 (control) were untreated and unexposed; Group 2 were untreated and exposed to O3 (0.4 ppm, 4 h); Group 3 were pretreated with WEL-DS and unexposed; Group 4 were pretreated with WEL-DS and exposed to O3 (0.4 ppm, 4 h). Pretreated tissues were topically treated with 20 uL of WEL-DS and incubated for up to 20 h at 37 ÅãC [humidified, 5% carbon dioxide (CO2)]. After 24 h, tissues were re-treated with WEL-DS and exposed to O3. Tissues were evaluated for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts, NF-κB p65 response and histology. In O3-exposed groups, WEL-DS significantly inhibited ROS formation vs. untreated tissues (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with WEL-DS inhibited H2O2 production vs. untreated tissues (p < 0.05), and decreased NF-κB p65 transcription factor signal. Oxidative stress induction in O3-exposed tissues was confirmed by increased levels of 4-HNE protein adducts (marker of lipid peroxidation); WEL-DS application reduced this effect. WEL-DS inhibited damage in tissues exposed to O3 with no significant changes in epidermal structure. A comprehensive topical antioxidant significantly diminished O3-induced oxidative damage in a human epidermal skin model.

EpiDerm (EPI-200), cutaneous antioxidants/ lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, ozone (O3), reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage, hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts, NF-κB p65 transcription factor, dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), Chlorogenic acids, Arabidopsis thaliana extract, Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (vitamin C), Coffea arabica leaf extract, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Tocopheryl acetate/tocopherol (vitamin E), Theobroma cacao seed extract (cocoa), Ubiquinone (CoEnzyme Q10), Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract (licorice), Ergothioneine, Curcuma longa root extract (turmeric), Euterpe oleracea fruit extract (acai), Vitis vinifera seed extract (grape seed), Buddleja officinalis flower extract, Camellia sinensis leaf extract (green tea), Carnosine, Crocus sativus leaf extract (saffron), Olea europaea fruit extract (olive)

Ozone, Chlorogenic acids, Arabidopsis thaliana extract, Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (vitamin C), Coffea arabica leaf extract, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Tocopheryl acetate/tocopherol (vitamin E), Theobroma cacao seed extract (cocoa), Ubiquinone (CoEnzyme Q10), Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract (licorice), Ergothioneine, Curcuma longa root extract (turmeric), Euterpe oleracea fruit extract (acai), Vitis vinifera seed extract (grape seed), Buddleja officinalis flower extract, Camellia sinensis leaf extract (green tea), Carnosine, Crocus sativus leaf extract (saffron), Olea europaea fruit extract (olive)